Eu-Law — Gostyński i Wspólnicy

CJEU Judgment in Case C-70/25 (Tukowiecka): Refund First, Argue About Gross Negligence Later

A bank may not refuse an immediate refund of an unauthorised payment transaction merely because it believes the customer made it possible through gross negligence. That is the ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union in its judgment of 15 October 2026 in case C-70/25 (Tukowiecka).

Olga Wierzbicka ·23 Oct 2026

Why a Polish Passport Matters for Non-EU Citizens

A Polish passport is also an EU passport. What it gives families in the Americas, Israel, the UK, Australia or South Africa: the right to live, work and do business across Europe, travel without Schengen limits, and visa-free access to the US, Brazil and many other countries.

Szymon Gostyński ·7 Oct 2026

Court of Justice of the EU Rules: No More Interest on Costs the Borrower Never Received

The CJEU judgment of 23 April 2026 in case C-744/24 confirms that banks may charge interest only on amounts actually paid out to the consumer — not on sums that include fees or insurance premiums the client never received. The ruling potentially affects up to 18 million consumer credit agreements in Poland.

Olga Wierzbicka ·19 May 2026